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CVE ID: CVE-2025-41273
How the vulnerability works
The Waterfall WF-500 TX and RX hosts ship with a Console WebUI that enforces authentication for administrative functions. Nozomi Networks Labs discovered that an internal API endpoint used by the web application fails to validate session tokens for a subset of requests. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can directly call this endpoint and receive the same response as an authenticated user.
The flaw stems from a CWE-288 — Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel. The web server exposes a secondary path (e.g., `/console/api/status` or /console/debug) that is not protected by the normal authentication filter. When the server receives a request to this path, it does not check for a valid cookie, token, or basic authentication header. Instead, it processes the request as if it came from an already logged-in administrator.
Because the vulnerable path is reachable over the network (CVSS vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N), an attacker only needs the IP address of the device. No user interaction is required. The server does not require any special knowledge or advanced traffic manipulation; a simple HTTP GET request to the unprotected URL is sufficient.
Once exploited, the attacker can perform actions that normally require authentication, such as reading configuration data, modifying network settings, retrieving logs, or even triggering firmware updates. The vulnerability affects all WF-500 TX and RX units running firmware version 7.9.1.0 R2502171040 and earlier.
The CVSS v3.1 base score is 9.8 (Critical) with the vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. Nozomi Networks assigned a CVSS v4.0 score of 9.3 using the vector CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N. The issue was reported by Luca Borzacchiello of Nozomi Networks, and the vendor (Waterfall Security Solutions) released a fixed firmware version on May 29, 2026.
DailyCVE Form:
Platform: Waterfall WF-500
Version: 7.9.1.0 R2502171040
Vulnerability: Authentication Bypass
Severity: Critical
date: 2026-05-29
Prediction: 2026-06-01
What Undercode Say:
Below are bash commands and codes that can be used to detect or exploit the bypass.
Check if the vulnerable API endpoint is reachable
curl -k -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}\n" https://<TARGET_IP>/console/api/status
Retrieve system logs without authentication
curl -k https://<TARGET_IP>/console/debug/logs?type=system
Attempt to change a configuration parameter (example)
curl -k -X POST https://<TARGET_IP>/console/api/settings \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{"param":"ntp_server","value":"attacker-controlled.com"}'
Mass-scan for vulnerable devices using nuclei template (hypothetical)
nuclei -t cves/2025/CVE-2025-41273.yaml -l targets.txt
Exploit:
The attacker sends a direct HTTP request to the unprotected API endpoint (e.g., GET /console/api/status). Because the server does not enforce authentication on that path, it returns the same JSON payload that would be shown to an authenticated administrator. The same technique works for POST requests that modify device settings. No session cookie, token, or credential is required.
Protection:
- Upgrade the firmware to version v7.10.0.0 R2601141040 or later.
- If immediate patching is not possible, block access to the Console WebUI (port 443/tcp) from untrusted networks using a firewall or ACL.
- Place the WF-500 management interface behind a VPN or a dedicated management VLAN that is isolated from operational traffic.
Impact:
Successful exploitation gives an unauthenticated remote attacker full administrative control over the WF-500 TX/RX host. The attacker can read sensitive configuration data, modify network and security policies, disable logging, and potentially pivot to other OT systems that trust the WF-500 gateway. The confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the device are all compromised (CIA impact: High/High/High).
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Sources:
Reported By: nvd.nist.gov
Extra Source Hub:
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