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How the mentioned CVE works:
This CVE-2025-1106 vulnerability exists due to an improper authentication control flaw in Moodle’s multi-factor authentication (MFA) implementation. The security defect occurs during the login state transition, where the system fails to consistently enforce MFA checks after the initial username and password validation. Under specific conditions, particularly when an attacker uses valid primary credentials and manipulates the session state or navigates through the authentication flow in a non-standard sequence, the MFA challenge step can be skipped. This allows the session to be fully authenticated without providing the required second factor, granting unauthorized access to the user’s account despite MFA being enabled and configured. The bypass is conditional and depends on specific user interactions and system states during the login process.
DailyCVE Form:
Platform: Moodle
Version: 4.4.0 – 5.0.2
Vulnerability: MFA Bypass
Severity: Moderate
date: 2024-10-23
Prediction: Patch Available
What Undercode Say:
Check current Moodle version php -r "require '/path/to/moodle/version.php'; echo '$release';" Search for MFA-related core files find /path/to/moodle -name "mfa" -type f Example of a potential state check (conceptual) grep -r "is_loggedin" /path/to/moodle/lib/
// Conceptual code snippet showing a missing state validation
// In a proper flow, this check should be present
if ($USER->loggedin && !$SESSION->mfa_completed) {
// Force MFA challenge
redirect(new moodle_url('/admin/mfa/challenge.php'));
}
How Exploit:
1. Attacker acquires valid user credentials.
2. Initiates a standard login sequence.
3. Intercepts the HTTP request post-password authentication.
- Manipulates the session state or skips the MFA challenge page.
5. Gains access to the authenticated session.
Protection from this CVE:
1. Upgrade to Moodle 4.4.11, 4.5.7, or 5.0.3.
2. Implement strict session state validation.
3. Enforce MFA at the load balancer level.
4. Monitor authentication logs for anomalies.
Impact:
Account Takeover
Data Breach
Privilege Escalation
Compliance Failure
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Sources:
Reported By: github.com
Extra Source Hub:
Undercode
