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The CVE-2025-XXXX vulnerability in Moodle stems from an insufficient rate-limiting mechanism within its mobile and web service authentication endpoints. Specifically, the `webservice/login.php` and `lib/moodlelib.php` scripts, which handle login requests for API and mobile app access, failed to enforce a hard limit on consecutive failed password attempts for a single user account. Unlike the standard web login form, these endpoints did not correctly track and lock accounts after a defined number of failures. This design flaw allowed an attacker to systematically submit a high volume of authentication requests with different passwords against a targeted user account without triggering an account lockout. By leveraging automated tools or scripts, an attacker could perform a brute-force attack to eventually guess the correct password, potentially leading to a complete account takeover and unauthorized access to sensitive course materials, grades, and personal information.
Platform: Moodle
Version: < 4.1.21
Vulnerability: Brute-force
Severity: Critical
date: 2024-10-23
Prediction: 2024-11-06
What Undercode Say:
hydra -l username -P wordlist.txt target-moodle-site.com http-post-form "/webservice/login.php:username=^USER^&password=^PASS^:Invalid"
// Simulated vulnerable login endpoint logic
if (authenticate_user($username, $password)) {
return $token;
} else {
// Missing robust rate-limiting counter per $username
return error;
}
How Exploit:
Automated password guessing against mobile API. No account lockout. Uses tools like Hydra.
Protection from this CVE:
Update to patched versions. Implement WAF rate-limiting. Enforce strong passwords.
Impact:
Account compromise. Unauthorized data access.
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Sources:
Reported By: github.com
Extra Source Hub:
Undercode
