How the CVE Works:
CVE-2025-31191 is a critical vulnerability affecting Apple’s macOS, iOS, iPadOS, and tvOS due to improper state management. An attacker can exploit this flaw to bypass sandbox restrictions, allowing malicious apps to access sensitive user data without proper authorization. The issue arises when the OS fails to enforce proper isolation between processes, enabling unintended data leakage. This vulnerability impacts multiple versions, including macOS Ventura 13.7.5, iOS 18.4, and macOS Sequoia 15.4. Apple addressed it via improved state handling in updates.
DailyCVE Form:
Platform: Apple OS Stack
Version: Ventura 13.7.5, iOS 18.4, Sequoia 15.4
Vulnerability: Sensitive Data Exposure
Severity: Critical
Date: 04/04/2025
What Undercode Say:
Exploitation:
- Sandbox Escape: Crafted app exploits improper state checks to read arbitrary files.
- PoC Code: Use `NSFileManager` APIs to bypass isolation (e.g.,
URLForDirectory:).
3. Post-Exploit: Exfiltrate keychain, logs, or cached credentials.
Protection:
- Patch: Update to macOS 13.7.5+, iOS 18.4+, or Sequoia 15.4+.
- Hardening: Enable SIP (
csrutil enable) and restrict app permissions. - Monitoring: Audit third-party app file access via
fs_usage.
Analytics:
- CVSS 4.0: 9.8 (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N).
- Attack Vector: Local app → Kernel privilege escalation.
Commands:
Check SIP status: csrutil status Monitor file access: sudo fs_usage -w -f filesys [bash] Verify patch: sw_vers -productVersion
Code Snippet (Detection):
let sensitivePaths = [bash]
for path in sensitivePaths {
if FileManager.default.isReadableFile(atPath: path) {
print("Vulnerable: (path) is accessible!")
}
}
Mitigation Script:
!/bin/zsh Enforce strict app permissions: tccutil reset All
References:
References:
Reported By: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31191
Extra Source Hub:
Undercode
